The visual examination of the rectum and lower portion of the sigmoid colon using a tubular instrument called a proctoscope.

The visual examination of the rectum and lower portion of the sigmoid colon using a tubular instrument called a proctoscope.

The proctoscope is lubricated and inserted into the anus inside the rectum, then the obturator is removed allowing an unobstructed view of the rectum.
The proctoscope also has a hollow channel through which instruments may be inserted. For example would be, an instrument may be used to take a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope. Air may be injected through the proctoscope to help make viewing easier.

Visually examining the rectum with a proctoscope is usually an office procedure that can detect abnormalities in the anal rectal region.
This examination can be somewhat uncomfortable as the proctoscope dilates the anal sphincter allowing visual examination of the rectal surface.
Now days proctoscope is made from clear plastic this allows an unobstructed view of the rectal lining.
The proctoscope is lubricated and inserted into the anus into the rectum, then the obturator is removed allowing an unobstructed view of the rectum.
The proctoscope has a hollow channel through which instruments may be inserted. For example an instrument may be used to take a small amount of tissue for examination under a microscope. Air may be injected through the proctoscope to distend the rectal cavity and make viewing easier.